7. What exception, if any, permits a private pilot to act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers who pay for the flight?

Title 14 § 91.146 Passenger-carrying flights for the benefit of a charitable, nonprofit, or community event.

Under FAA regulations, a private pilot is generally not allowed to act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers for compensation or hire. However, there is an exception that allows a private pilot to conduct flights for charitable organizations under certain conditions. This is covered under 14 CFR § 91.146, which permits private pilots to carry passengers if the flight is for a charitable, nonprofit, or community event, and the passengers make a donation to the charitable organization rather than paying the pilot directly.